拇指英语说，分享英语学习心得，技巧和方法。让英语学习变得更有趣，更简单。

在英语学习中，词汇量的大小是衡量英语水平的重要标志。通常词汇量越大，运用英语的能力就越强，反之亦然。许多英语偏弱的学生将词汇的学习与记忆比作“拦路虎”，以至谈虎色变，毫无信心。因此，有意识地学习词汇策略将可以帮助学生更科学，高效，简单地积累大量词汇，从而达到事半功倍的效果。本词汇积累策略系列，将会从近义词(synonyms)，反义词(antonyms)，前缀(prefixes)，后缀(suffixes)，同音异义词(homophones)等角度来探讨词汇的学习和积累。本系列，适合小学中高年级及初中学生学习。

The Prefixes dis- and de-: 前缀 dis-和 de-

"dis-"是英语中的常见前缀，它是一个活性前缀，可以和动词，名词和形容词缀合。当与动词缀合时，"dis-"的意思相当于undo (取消）或者是not（不), 比如disagree (不同意）；当与名词缀合时，"dis-"的意思相当于 lack of （无）或者 remove (去掉）, 比如dishonour(不名誉）；当与形容词缀合时，"dis-" 的意思相当于not (不）, 比如disloyal (不忠诚的)。

"de-"也是一个非常活跃的前缀。它也可以加在名词，动词，形容词前表示否定的含义，通常表示降低，取走，剥离或者不的含义。

首先请大家看看下列的这些单词，大家都知道他们的含义吗？ 请用这些单词来完成下面的句子。

deduct, detach, discharge, depart, disgrace

1. At what time is our plane scheduled to __________?
2. The Olympic athlete faced public _________ after it was discovered he'd taken drugs in order to win the competition.
3. When you hand in your application, __________ and return the lower part of the document. Keep the upper part for your records.
4. After serving in the military for two years, Jin Ho received an honorable _________ from the army.
5. If you turn your test paper in late, Professor Yeo will ________ ten points from your score.

Keys:

1. depart: leave, 动词，出发，离开
2. disgrace: embarrassment, 名词， 耻辱，丢脸
3. detach: take off, 动词，拆卸
4. discharge: release，动词， 退伍，出院
5. deduct: subtract，动词， 扣除，减去

接下来，请大家用前缀"dis-"或者"de-" 来填入横线，使句子意思完整。

1. The plane is about to make its _____scent into Tokyo. We should be arriving in about 20 minutes.
2. When Michiko lit a cigarette in the restaurant and began smoking, the waiter gave her a ______approving look.
3. The smell of fish is awful in here! Is there anything we can do to _____odorize this room?
4. When we get off the plane we have to ____embark through the door on the left.
5. At the end of the concert the crowd began to _____perse, and within 20 minutes almost everyone had left the building.

keys:

1. descent: 名词，降落
2. disapproving: 形容词， 不赞成的，反对的
3. deodorize: 动词，除去......的臭气
4. disembark: 动词，下飞机
5. disperse: 动词，疏散，驱散

最后，请大家来想想，今天学到的这些新单词，大家知道它们的反义词吗？

keys:

1. deduct-- add;

2. detach-- attach;

3. discharge--admit

4. depart--arrive

5. disgrace--honor;

6. descent--ascent

7. disapprove--approve;

8. deodorize--scent;

9. disembark--embark or board

10. disperse--gather

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