英语单词辨析及一义多用
一、影响:
1. Impact-----侧重带来强烈性的冲击
2. Influence----是指思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响常是潜移默化
3. Effect (n.)----侧重影响的结果-多用作名词
4. Affect（v.）----带来结果-多用作动词
Eg: The labour enthusiasm of the workers strongly influenced us.
工人们的劳动热情强烈地感染了我们。
The surroundings in which a child grows up may have an effect on his development.
小孩生长的环境会影响他的发展。
Technology has had an irreversible impact on society. 技术已对社会产生不可逆转的影响。
Your attitude will affect how successful you are.
你的态度会影响你成功的程度。
二、rise、arise、raise、arouse 四个词看起来很像，其实差别很大。
首先， rise, arise 是不及物动词，raise, arouse是及物动词。
（1）rise（rose, risen）vi. 上升，升起, 升高；上涨；起立，起身；起床
说明主语自身移向较高位置，常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价等，无被动语态。
Eg：The sun rose at seven o’clock. 太阳七点钟升起。
The moon has risen above the hills. 月亮已经从山上升起。
The river has risen by several meters. 河水上涨了好几米。
（2）arise (arose, arisen) vi.(问题，困难等)出现；发生， 产生；主语一般为抽象名词，如problem, trouble, quarrel, difficulty, misunderstanding, disagreement起身；起来；起立。无被动语态。
常用短语：arise from / out of sth.由……引起；因……产生。 如：
Problems arose from the outset.一开始就产生了很多问题。
How did the quarrel arise? 争吵是怎么引起的？
（3）raise vt. 说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其它事物的，往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。可用于被动语态。如：
招募：to raise an army
养育、栽培：to raise a family
提高raise salaries工资, raise the rent租金。
举起raise one’s hand
提出问题 raise a question
Salaries have now been raised. 现在薪水已增加了。
The price was raised to ￡10. 价格涨到十英镑。
（4）arouse意为“激起，唤醒；使... 奋发” 可用于被动语态
arouse one’s interest / sympathy“唤起某人的兴趣 / 同情心”
arouse sb. 唤醒某人
He fell into a sound sleep, don't arouse him. 他睡熟了，别唤醒他。
He was aroused from his sleep by the doorbell. 门铃声把他从睡眠中唤醒。
辨析：arise 没有“上升”之意，多指“产生、发生和出现”，常用于抽象事物
rise 使用范围广，既用于具体事物的“上升、增长”，又用于抽象事物的“上涨”
raise 与以上两词不同的是，此词是及物动词，表示把某具体事物抬起高处或提高某抽象事物
I. 用上述动词的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. He ____________ and walked to the window.
2. He ______ his hat to me as a sign of respect.
3. The birds also attack crops when the opportunity ______.
4. The people’s living standard has greatly been ______.
5. Her temperature is still ______.
6.They glasses to the friendship between the two peoples.
他们举杯为两国人民的友谊干杯。
7. This weight is too heavy; I can't it. 这东西太重，我举不起来。
8.The lecture my interest. 报告引起了我的兴趣。
9.Salaries have been 现在薪水已增加了。
10. Serious complications may from this sudden change of plans.
突变的计划可能会导致严重的纠纷。
II. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. The prices are ______ fast these days. Nobody can get the prices ______.
A. going down; to bring down B. rising; bring down
C. raising; bring down D. rising; brought down.
2. They’ve ______ up to 20,000 yuan for the Hope Project.
A. rose B. raise C. raised D. risen
3. When the question ______ at the meeting, no one could answer it.
A. rose B. arose C. came D. raised
4. Last year the advertising rate________by 20 percent.
A. raised B. aroused C. arose D. rose
Key:
I. 1. arose / rose 2. raised 3. arises 4. raised 5. rising 6.raised 注意时态 7.raise 8. aroused 9.raised 10.arise
II. 1-4 DCBD
三、强调：
句型：to Emphasize; to accentuate; to highlight; to Stress; to lay emphasis on; to place emphasis on...; to insist on
1. Highlight----亮点（强调的效果）
2. Emphasize----书面化
3. Stress ----偏口语化，stress on...
4. Accentuate----重读、强调
5.Underscore
6.Underline
Eg：
I emphasize the importance of owning our anger and finding ways to control it.
我强调对我们的愤怒负起责任并找到控制它的办法是重要的。
accentuate the word “accent”on the first syllable.
在“accent”一词的第一个音节上加重音符号。
Third, the training should create its own advantages and highlight its own distinctiveness.
创造自己的优势，突出自己的特色。
He has started to lay greater stress on the government's role in industry.
他开始更加强调政府在工业方面的作用。
We underline some words for emphasis.
我们在有些词下面画线表示强调。
