1.简单介词

（1）at 表示某种起因，与“喜，怒，吃惊”等词连用。

I was frightened at the terrible sight.看到这可怕的情景，我吓坏了。

You don’t look very surprised at the good news.

听到好消息，你好像并不吃惊。

（2）with表示某种心理的原因。

His face went red with anger.他的脸因生气变红了。

The boy jumped with joy.男孩高兴得跳起来。

He was angry with what I did.他对我所做的很气愤。

She sighed with relief when she heard the good news.

听到这个好消息时，她宽慰地舒了口气。

（3）over 用于带有感情色彩的cry，weep，laugh，mourn，sigh等词后，表示事情的起因。

All of us mourned over his death.我们大家哀悼他的去世。

The couple quarreled over the price of a load of hay.夫妻两个因为一担干草的价格争吵。

Is he still weeping over his lost dog？ 他还在为那条跑失的狗伤心吗？

She sighed over her unhappy fate.她悲叹自己不幸的命运。

（4）from接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因。

He suffered from a bad cold.他患重伤风。

She felt sick from tiredness.她累得浑身不对劲。

I was tired from having sat up all night.我因熬夜而感到疲惫。

（5）of表示自身的原因

His father died of cancer.他父亲死于癌症。

He is proud of being a Chinese.他为自己是一个中国人而自豪。

（6）for表示为了某一目的、事业的原因，意为“由于，因为”。

Thank you for your last letter.谢谢你上次的来信。

Thank you for teaching us so well.感谢你如此尽心地教我们。

Forgive me for keeping you waiting.原谅我让你久等了。

The West Lake is well-known for its scenery.西湖以它的风景闻名。

2.介词短语

（1）because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。

The football match was cancelled because of rain.由于下雨，足球赛被取消了。

He retired last week because of illness.他由于生病，上星期退休了。

（2）thanks to 表示某种幸运结果的原因，意为“多亏了、幸亏……”。

Thanks to your help，we finished the work ahead of time.

多亏了你的帮助，我们提前完成了工作。

Thanks to the timely rain，the farmers had a good harvest.

多亏了及时雨，农民们有了好收成。

（3）owning to 相当于because of，意为“由于，因为”。

Owing to our joint efforts，the task was finished.

由于我们的共同努力，任务完成了。

（4）due to 相当于because of，可作表语或状语。

My illness was due to bad food.我的病是吃坏的。（表语）

The flight was cancelled due to the fog.班机因雾停航。（状语）

（5）out of 表示动机的起因，意为“出于……的原因”。

He did it out of concern for everyone.他这样做是出于对大家的关心。

The traffic accident happened out of careless driving.

这起交通事故是由于粗心驾驶所致。