语法精析

1．简单句

只含有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。有以下基本类型：

(1)SV：主语＋谓语

The sun rose.太阳升起来了。

(2)SVP：主语＋连系动词＋表语

The soup smells good.汤闻起来很香。

(3)SVO：主语＋谓语＋宾语

He likes singing.他喜欢唱歌。

(4)SVOO：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

Mr Wang teaches us English.王老师教我们英语。

(5)SVOC：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语

He finds the story interesting.他觉得这个故事很有趣。

(6)SVA：主语＋谓语＋状语

They are singing in the music hall.他们正在音乐厅唱歌。

(7)SVOA：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语

My son is doing his homework carefully.我儿子正在认真做作业。

2．并列句

由两个或两个以上不分主次、相互独立的简单句构成的句子叫并列句。并列句通过并列连词、连接副词和分号三种方式连接起来。

常见的并列连词：

(1)表示平行并列，常用的连词有：and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等。

He was cleaning the room and his children were playing outside.

他在打扫房间，他的孩子们在外面玩耍。

(2)表示转折，常用的连词有：but，however，yet，while等。

①His son came back，but he was still concerned.他儿子回来了，但是他仍然很担心。

②He likes sports，while I’d rather collect stamps.他喜欢运动，而我则爱好集邮。

(3)表示因果并列，常用的连词有：for，so等。

①It must have rained yesterday evening，for the ground is wet.昨晚准是下雨了，因为地面是湿的。

②The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place.经理病了，所以我代他去参加新闻发布会。

注意：so和because不能连用。

(4)表示选择，常用的连词有：or，either...or...等。

①Wear your coat，or you’ll catch cold.把大衣穿上，不然你会感冒的。

②Either Tom or his sisters are coming.不是汤姆就是他的姐妹们要来。

3．主从复合句

由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫主从复合句。主句为句子的主体部分；从句无法独立，可以充当句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。按其在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句(同位语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。

(1)名词性从句(相当于名词，可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语)

①When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句)飞机何时起飞尚未宣布。

②That is why he did not come to school yesterday.(表语从句)那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。

③He said that some teenagers didn’t work hard.(宾语从句)他说有些青少年学习不努力。

(2)定语从句(相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词)

①The man who was full of anger was Mike’s father.那个非常生气的人是迈克的父亲。

②I won’t forget the day when I had an argument with him.我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。

(3)状语从句(像副词一样，修饰谓语动词，或整个句子。根据表达的意思分为时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步等)

①When I saw him，I found him under great stress.我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。

②I will meet my friend where I met her last time.我会在上次见她的地方见我的朋友。

③If you want to keep peace，you’d better be patient.如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。

④He was punished，because he was late.他受到了惩罚，因为他迟到了。

⑤Let’s get up early so that we can catch the early bus.让我们早起，以便我们能赶上早班车。

⑥He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited.他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激动。

⑦Please do as you are told.请按照你被告知的去做。

⑧Although/Though he tried his best，he still missed the target.虽然他尽力了，但仍然没有打中目标。

注意：although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。

随堂练习

一.单句语法填空

1．Hurry up,__________ you will miss the train.

2．I work not because I have to,__________ because I want to.

3．The problem is __________ difficult that most students can’t work it out.

4．Two weeks went by, __________ our exchange activities ended.

5．These comic books are specially designed __________ young children.

6．__________ you’re interested in the position，please email me.

7．Neither did the naughty boy go home ________ did his parents come to search for him.

8．It is likely __________ you can easily fall ill if you keep smoking.

二.阅读短文，说出画线句子是什么句子结构

1．My parents love me very much.However，they like making almost all decisions for me.2.They choose schools and subjects for me，and sometimes even the daily timetables have to be decided by them.In my opinion，deciding everything for children does not help them but harm them in many ways.Firstly,3.it will make children less confident，which is useless to their development.Secondly，in many cases parents don’t care about children’s personal ideas and interests，which will influence their growth greatly.As a result，a lot of children are complaining！I do believe to grow to be independent is a natural way for everybody.Parents should give us chances to make our decisions.They can help us make choices instead of replacing us to do it.After all, 4.there are a lot of things for us to explore by ourselves.

三.用合适的连词把每组句子合并为一个句子

1．He was absent from class.He was ill.

→He was absent from class ____________________ he was ill.

2．He was tired.He went to bed.

→He was tired ____________________ he went to bed.

3．He made a promise.He didn’t keep it.

→He made a promise ____________________ he didn’t keep it.

4．I still remember the day.I first went to school.

→I still remember the day ____________________ I first went to school.

5．We’ll go for a picnic.It’s fine tomorrow.

→We’ll go for a picnic ____________________ it’s fine tomorrow.

6．He was very busy.He tried to help others in his free time.

____________________ he was very busy he tried to help others in his free time.

7．My mother likes reading.My father likes watching TV.

→My mother likes reading ____________________ my father likes watching TV.