小数乘法简便计算必备点:
25×4=100,125×8=1000
一、乘法运算定律及典型例题
- 乘法交换律:ab=ba
例:0.5×4.7×4 能凑整的放在一起乘
=0.5×4×4.7
=2×4.7
=9.4
2. 乘法结合律: (ab)c=a(bc)
例:0.63×1.25×0.8
=0.63×(1.25×0.8)
=0.63×1
=0.63
1.25×3.2×2.5
=(1.25×8)×(0.4×2.5)
=10×1
=10
3. 乘法分配律: a(b c)=ab ac
基础例:(100-1)×0.65
=100×0.65-1×0.65
=65-0.65
=64.35
7.2×8.4 7.2×1.6
=7.2×(8.4 1.6)
=7.2×10
=72
变式例:0.32×100.1
=0.32×(100 0.1) 恒等变形很关键
=0.32×100 0.32×0.1
=32.032
4.75×101-4.75
=4.75×101-4.75×1 恒等变形很关键
=4.75×(101-1)
=475
2.73×9.9
=2.73×(10-0.1) 注意:这里不要写成1
=2.73×10-2.73×0.1
=27.027
8.5×4.8 8.5×6.2-8.5
=8.5×(4.8 6.2-1)
=8.5×10
=85
提高例:17.6×84 176×1.6
=17.6×84 17.6 ×16 恒等变形很关键
=17.6 ×(84 16)
=17.6×100
=176
二、易混淆
4.8×0.25
=(4 0.8)×0.25
=4×0.25 0.8×0.25乘法分配律
=1 0.2
=1.2
4.8×0.25
=(1.2×4)×0.25
=1.2×(4×0.25)乘法结合律
=1.2×1
=1.2
注意:不要错误地将第二题写成(1.2×4)×0.25=1.2×0.25×4×0.25
三、易错处
恒等变形错:3.2不能变形为“8×4”
口算0.125×80错,基本口算0.125×8=1