spring作为当前java最流行、最强大的轻量级框架,受到了程序员的热烈欢迎。准确的了解Spring bean的生命周期是非常必要的。我们通常使用ApplicationContext作为Spring容器。这里,我们讲的也是 ApplicationContext中Bean的生命周期。而实际上Beanfactory也是差不多的,只不过处理器需要手动注册。
转载请注明地址 http://www.cnblogs.com/zrtqsk/p/3735273.html,谢谢。
一、生命周期流程图:
Spring Bean的完整生命周期从创建Spring容器开始,直到最终Spring容器销毁Bean,这其中包含了一系列关键点。
若容器注册了以上各种接口,程序那么将会按照以上的流程进行。下面将仔细讲解各接口作用。
二、各种接口方法分类
Bean的完整生命周期经历了各种方法调用,这些方法可以划分为以下几类:
1、Bean自身的方法 : 这个包括了Bean本身调用的方法和通过配置文件中
2、Bean级生命周期接口方法 : 这个包括了BeanNameAware、BeanFactoryAware、InitializingBean和DiposableBean这些接口的方法
3、容器级生命周期接口方法 : 这个包括了InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 和 BeanPostProcessor 这两个接口实现,一般称它们的实现类为“后处理器”。
4、工厂后处理器接口方法 : 这个包括了BeanFactoryPostProcessor等等非常有用的工厂后处理器接口的方法。工厂后处理器也是容器级的。在应用上下文装配配置文件之后立即调用。
三、演示
我们用一个简单的Spring Bean来演示一下Spring Bean的生命周期。
1、首先是一个简单的Spring Bean,调用Bean自身的方法和Bean级生命周期接口方法,为了方便演示,它实现了BeanNameAware、BeanFactoryAware、InitializingBean和DiposableBean这4个接口,同时有2个方法,对应配置文件中
[java]view plain copy
- packagespringBeanTest;
- importorg.springframework.beans.BeansException;
- importorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
- importorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
- importorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
- importorg.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
- importorg.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
- /**
- * @author qsk
- */
- publicclassPersonimplementsBeanFactoryAware, BeanNameAware,
- InitializingBean, DisposableBean {
- privateString name;
- privateString address;
- privateintphone;
- privateBeanFactory beanFactory;
- privateString beanName;
- publicPerson() {
- System.out.println("【构造器】调用Person的构造器实例化");
- }
- publicString getName() {
- returnname;
- }
- publicvoidsetName(String name) {
- System.out.println("【注入属性】注入属性name");
- this.name = name;
- }
- publicString getAddress() {
- returnaddress;
- }
- publicvoidsetAddress(String address) {
- System.out.println("【注入属性】注入属性address");
- this.address = address;
- }
- publicintgetPhone() {
- returnphone;
- }
- publicvoidsetPhone(intphone) {
- System.out.println("【注入属性】注入属性phone");
- this.phone = phone;
- }
- @Override
- publicString toString() {
- return"Person [address=" address ", name=" name ", phone="
- phone "]";
- }
- // 这是BeanFactoryAware接口方法
- @Override
- publicvoidsetBeanFactory(BeanFactory arg0)throwsBeansException {
- System.out
- .println("【BeanFactoryAware接口】调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()");
- this.beanFactory = arg0;
- }
- // 这是BeanNameAware接口方法
- @Override
- publicvoidsetBeanName(String arg0) {
- System.out.println("【BeanNameAware接口】调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()");
- this.beanName = arg0;
- }
- // 这是InitializingBean接口方法
- @Override
- publicvoidafterPropertiesSet()throwsException {
- System.out
- .println("【InitializingBean接口】调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()");
- }
- // 这是DiposibleBean接口方法
- @Override
- publicvoiddestroy()throwsException {
- System.out.println("【DiposibleBean接口】调用DiposibleBean.destory()");
- }
- // 通过
的init-method属性指定的初始化方法 - publicvoidmyInit() {
- System.out.println("【init-method】调用
的init-method属性指定的初始化方法"); - }
- // 通过
的destroy-method属性指定的初始化方法 - publicvoidmyDestory() {
- System.out.println("【destroy-method】调用
的destroy-method属性指定的初始化方法"); - }
- }
2、接下来是演示BeanPostProcessor接口的方法,如下:
[java]view plain copy
- packagespringBeanTest;
- importorg.springframework.beans.BeansException;
- importorg.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
- publicclassMyBeanPostProcessorimplementsBeanPostProcessor {
- publicMyBeanPostProcessor() {
- super();
- System.out.println("这是BeanPostProcessor实现类构造器!!");
- // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
- }
- @Override
- publicObject postProcessAfterInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
- throwsBeansException {
- System.out
- .println("BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessAfterInitialization对属性进行更改!");
- returnarg0;
- }
- @Override
- publicObject postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
- throwsBeansException {
- System.out
- .println("BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessBeforeInitialization对属性进行更改!");
- returnarg0;
- }
- }
如上,BeanPostProcessor接口包括2个方法postProcessAfterInitialization和postProcessBeforeInitialization,这两个方法的第一个参数都是要处理的Bean对象,第二个参数都是Bean的name。返回值也都是要处理的Bean对象。这里要注意。
3、InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor接口本质是BeanPostProcessor的子接口,一般我们继承Spring为其提供的适配器类InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter来使用它,如下:
[java]view plain copy
- packagespringBeanTest;
- importjava.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
- importorg.springframework.beans.BeansException;
- importorg.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
- importorg.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter;
- publicclassMyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorextends
- InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter {
- publicMyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor() {
- super();
- System.out
- .println("这是InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter实现类构造器!!");
- }
- // 接口方法、实例化Bean之前调用
- @Override
- publicObject postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class beanClass,
- String beanName)throwsBeansException {
- System.out
- .println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法");
- returnnull;
- }
- // 接口方法、实例化Bean之后调用
- @Override
- publicObject postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
- throwsBeansException {
- System.out
- .println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法");
- returnbean;
- }
- // 接口方法、设置某个属性时调用
- @Override
- publicPropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(PropertyValues pvs,
- PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName)
- throwsBeansException {
- System.out
- .println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessPropertyValues方法");
- returnpvs;
- }
- }
这个有3个方法,其中第二个方法postProcessAfterInitialization就是重写了BeanPostProcessor的方法。第三个方法postProcessPropertyValues用来操作属性,返回值也应该是PropertyValues对象。
4、演示工厂后处理器接口方法,如下:
[java]view plain copy
- packagespringBeanTest;
- importorg.springframework.beans.BeansException;
- importorg.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
- importorg.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
- importorg.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
- publicclassMyBeanFactoryPostProcessorimplementsBeanFactoryPostProcessor {
- publicMyBeanFactoryPostProcessor() {
- super();
- System.out.println("这是BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类构造器!!");
- }
- @Override
- publicvoidpostProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory arg0)
- throwsBeansException {
- System.out
- .println("BeanFactoryPostProcessor调用postProcessBeanFactory方法");
- BeanDefinition bd = arg0.getBeanDefinition("person");
- bd.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("phone", "110");
- }
- }
5、配置文件如下beans.xml,很简单,使用ApplicationContext,处理器不用手动注册:
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- style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:14px;">version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" - xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd">
id="beanPostProcessor" class="springBeanTest.MyBeanPostProcessor"> id="instantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor" class="springBeanTest.MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"> id="beanFactoryPostProcessor" class="springBeanTest.MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor"> id="person" class="springBeanTest.Person" init-method="myInit" - destroy-method="myDestory" scope="singleton" p:name="张三" p:address="广州"
- p:phone="15900000000"/>
6、下面测试一下:
[java]view plain copy
- packagespringBeanTest;
- importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- importorg.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- publicclassBeanLifeCycle {
- publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args) {
- System.out.println("现在开始初始化容器");
- ApplicationContext factory =newClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
- "springBeanTest/beans.xml");
- System.out.println("容器初始化成功");
- // 得到Preson,并使用
- Person person = factory.getBean("person", Person.class);
- System.out.println(person);
- System.out.println("现在开始关闭容器!");
- ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext) factory).registerShutdownHook();
- }
- }
关闭容器使用的是实际是AbstractApplicationContext的钩子方法。
我们来看一下结果:
现在开始初始化容器
2014-5-18 15:46:20 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@19a0c7c: startup date [Sun May 18 15:46:20 CST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
2014-5-18 15:46:20 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [springBeanTest/beans.xml]
这是BeanFactoryPostProcessor实现类构造器!!
BeanFactoryPostProcessor调用postProcessBeanFactory方法
这是BeanPostProcessor实现类构造器!!
这是InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter实现类构造器!!
2014-5-18 15:46:20 org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons
信息: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@9934d4: defining beans [beanPostProcessor,instantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor,beanFactoryPostProcessor,person]; root of factory hierarchy
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法
【构造器】调用Person的构造器实例化
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessPropertyValues方法
【注入属性】注入属性address
【注入属性】注入属性name
【注入属性】注入属性phone
【BeanNameAware接口】调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()
【BeanFactoryAware接口】调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()
BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessBeforeInitialization对属性进行更改!
【InitializingBean接口】调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()
【init-method】调用
BeanPostProcessor接口方法postProcessAfterInitialization对属性进行更改!
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法
容器初始化成功
Person [address=广州, name=张三, phone=110]
现在开始关闭容器!
【DiposibleBean接口】调用DiposibleBean.destory()
【destroy-method】调用
/**
* ————————如果觉得本博文还行,别忘了推荐一下哦,谢谢!
* 作者:钱书康
* 欢迎转载,请保留此段声明。
* 出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/zrtqsk/
*/
3 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
4 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
5
6 public class BeanLifeCycle {
7
8 public static void main(String[] args) {
9
10 System.out.println("现在开始初始化容器");
11
12 ApplicationContext factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("springBeanTest/beans.xml");
13 System.out.println("容器初始化成功");
14 //得到Preson,并使用
15 Person person = factory.getBean("person",Person.class);
16 System.out.println(person);
17
18 System.out.println("现在开始关闭容器!");
19 ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)factory).registerShutdownHook();
20 }
21