脚本写的好，下班下得早！程序员的日常工作除了编写程序代码，还不可避免地需要处理相关的测试和验证工作。

例如，访问某个网站一直不通，需要确定此地址是否可访问，服务器返回什么，进而确定问题在于什么。完成这个任务，如果一味希望采用编译型语言来编写这样的代码，实践中的时间和精力是不够的，这个时候就需要发挥脚本的神奇作用！

毫不夸张的说，能否写出高效实用的脚本代码，直接影响着一个程序员的幸福生活[下班时间]。下面整理 8 个实用的 Python 脚本，需要的时候改改直接用，建议收藏！

1.解决 linux 下 unzip 乱码的问题。

import os import sys import zipfile import argparse s = '\x1b[%d;%dm%s\x1b[0m' def unzip(path): file = zipfile.ZipFile(path,"r") if args.secret: file.setpassword(args.secret) for name in file.namelist(): try: utf8name=name.decode('gbk') pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name) except: utf8name=name pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name) #print s % (1, 92, ' >> extracting:'), utf8name #pathname = os.path.dirname(utf8name) if not os.path.exists(pathname) and pathname != "": os.makedirs(pathname) data = file.read(name) if not os.path.exists(utf8name): try: fo = open(utf8name, "w") fo.write(data) fo.close except: pass file.close() def main(argv): ###################################################### # for argparse p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='解决unzip乱码') p.add_argument('xxx', type=str, nargs='*', \ help='命令对象.') p.add_argument('-s', '--secret', action='store', \ default=None, help='密码') global args args = p.parse_args(argv[1:]) xxx = args.xxx for path in xxx: if path.endswith('.zip'): if os.path.exists(path): print s % (1, 97, ' unzip:'), path unzip(path) else: print s % (1, 91, ' !! file doesn\'t exist.'), path else: print s % (1, 91, ' !! file isn\'t a zip file.'), path if __name__ == '__main__': argv = sys.argv main(argv)2.统计当前根目录代码行数。

# coding=utf-8 import os import time # 设定根目录 basedir = './' filelists = [] # 指定想要统计的文件类型 whitelist = ['cpp', 'h'] #遍历文件, 递归遍历文件夹中的所有 def getFile(basedir): global filelists for parent,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(basedir): for filename in filenames: ext = filename.split('.')[-1] #只统计指定的文件类型，略过一些log和cache文件 if ext in whitelist: filelists.append(os.path.join(parent,filename)) #统计一个的行数 def countLine(fname): count = 0 # 把文件做二进制看待,read. for file_line in open(fname, 'rb').readlines(): if file_line != '' and file_line != '\n': #过滤掉空行 count = 1 print (fname '----' , count) return count if __name__ == '__main__' : startTime = time.clock() getFile(basedir) totalline = 0 for filelist in filelists: totalline = totalline countLine(filelist) print ('total lines:',totalline) print ('Done! Cost Time: %0.2f second' % (time.clock() - startTime))3.扫描当前目录和所有子目录并显示大小。

import os import sys try: directory = sys.argv[1] except IndexError: sys.exit("Must provide an argument.") dir_size = 0 fsizedicr = {'Bytes': 1, 'Kilobytes': float(1) / 1024, 'Megabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024), 'Gigabytes': float(1) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)} for (path, dirs, files) in os.walk(directory): for file in files: filename = os.path.join(path, file) dir_size = os.path.getsize(filename) fsizeList = [str(round(fsizedicr[key] * dir_size, 2)) " " key for key in fsizedicr] if dir_size == 0: print ("File Empty") else: for units in sorted(fsizeList)[::-1]: print ("Folder Size: " units)4.将源目录240天以上的所有文件移动到目标目录。

import shutil import sys import time import os import argparse usage = 'python move_files_over_x_days.py -src [SRC] -dst [DST] -days [DAYS]' description = 'Move files from src to dst if they are older than a certain number of days. Default is 240 days' args_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(usage=usage, description=description) args_parser.add_argument('-src', '--src', type=str, nargs='?', default='.', help='(OPTIONAL) Directory where files will be moved from. Defaults to current directory') args_parser.add_argument('-dst', '--dst', type=str, nargs='?', required=True, help='(REQUIRED) Directory where files will be moved to.') args_parser.add_argument('-days', '--days', type=int, nargs='?', default=240, help='(OPTIONAL) Days value specifies the minimum age of files to be moved. Default is 240.') args = args_parser.parse_args() if args.days < 0: args.days = 0 src = args.src # 设置源目录 dst = args.dst # 设置目标目录 days = args.days # 设置天数 now = time.time() # 获得当前时间 if not os.path.exists(dst): os.mkdir(dst) for f in os.listdir(src): # 遍历源目录所有文件 if os.stat(f).st_mtime < now - days * 86400: # 判断是否超过240天 if os.path.isfile(f): # 检查是否是文件 shutil.move(f, dst) # 移动文件5.扫描脚本目录，并给出不同类型脚本的计数。

import os import shutil from time import strftime logsdir="c:\logs\puttylogs" zipdir="c:\logs\puttylogs\zipped_logs" zip_program="zip.exe" for files in os.listdir(logsdir): if files.endswith(".log"): files1=files "." strftime("%Y-%m-%d") ".zip" os.chdir(logsdir) os.system(zip_program " " files1 " " files) shutil.move(files1, zipdir) os.remove(files)6.下载Leetcode的算法题。

import sys import re import os import argparse import requests from lxml import html as lxml_html try: import html except ImportError: import HTMLParser html = HTMLParser.HTMLParser() try: import cPickle as pk except ImportError: import pickle as pk class LeetcodeProblems(object): def get_problems_info(self): leetcode_url = 'https://leetcode.com/problemset/algorithms' res = requests.get(leetcode_url) if not res.ok: print('request error') sys.exit() cm = res.text cmt = cm.split('tbody>')[-2] indexs = re.findall(r'(\d )', cmt) problem_urls = ['https://leetcode.com' url \ for url in re.findall( r'(. ?)", cmt) tinfos = zip(indexs, levels, problem_urls) assert (len(indexs) == len(problem_urls) == len(levels)) infos = [] for info in tinfos: res = requests.get(info[-1]) if not res.ok: print('request error') sys.exit() tree = lxml_html.fromstring(res.text) title = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:title"]/@content')[0] description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="description"]/@content') if not description: description = tree.xpath('//meta[@property="og:description"]/@content')[0] else: description = description[0] description = html.unescape(description.strip()) tags = tree.xpath('//div[@id="tags"]/following::a[@class="btn btn-xs btn-primary"]/text()') infos.append( { 'title': title, 'level': info[1], 'index': int(info[0]), 'description': description, 'tags': tags } ) with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'wb') as g: pk.dump(infos, g) return infos def to_text(self, pm_infos): if self.args.index: key = 'index' elif self.args.title: key = 'title' elif self.args.tag: key = 'tags' elif self.args.level: key = 'level' else: key = 'index' infos = sorted(pm_infos, key=lambda i: i[key]) text_template = '## {index} - {title}\n' \ '~{level}~ {tags}\n' \ '{description}\n' '\n' * self.args.line text = '' for info in infos: if self.args.rm_blank: info['description'] = re.sub(r'[\n\r] ', r'\n', info['description']) text = text_template.format(**info) with open('leecode problems.txt', 'w') as g: g.write(text) def run(self): if os.path.exists('leecode_problems.pk') and not self.args.redownload: with open('leecode_problems.pk', 'rb') as f: pm_infos = pk.load(f) else: pm_infos = self.get_problems_info() print('find %s problems.' % len(pm_infos)) self.to_text(pm_infos) def handle_args(argv): p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='extract all leecode problems to location') p.add_argument('--index', action='store_true', help='sort by index') p.add_argument('--level', action='store_true', help='sort by level') p.add_argument('--tag', action='store_true', help='sort by tag') p.add_argument('--title', action='store_true', help='sort by title') p.add_argument('--rm_blank', action='store_true', help='remove blank') p.add_argument('--line', action='store', type=int, default=10, help='blank of two problems') p.add_argument('-r', '--redownload', action='store_true', help='redownload data') args = p.parse_args(argv[1:]) return args def main(argv): args = handle_args(argv) x = LeetcodeProblems() x.args = args x.run() if __name__ == '__main__': argv = sys.argv main(argv)7.将 Markdown 转换为 HTML。

import sys import os from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import markdown class MarkdownToHtml: headTag = '

' def __init__(self,cssFilePath = None): if cssFilePath != None: self.genStyle(cssFilePath) def genStyle(self,cssFilePath): with open(cssFilePath,'r') as f: cssString = f.read() self.headTag = self.headTag[:-7] ''.format(cssString) self.headTag[-7:] def markdownToHtml(self, sourceFilePath, destinationDirectory = None, outputFileName = None): if not destinationDirectory: # 未定义输出目录则将源文件目录(注意要转换为绝对路径)作为输出目录 destinationDirectory = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sourceFilePath)) if not outputFileName: # 未定义输出文件名则沿用输入文件名 outputFileName = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(sourceFilePath))[0] '.html' if destinationDirectory[-1] != '/': destinationDirectory = '/' with open(sourceFilePath,'r', encoding='utf8') as f: markdownText = f.read() # 编译出原始 HTML 文本 rawHtml = self.headTag markdown.markdown(markdownText,output_format='html5') # 格式化 HTML 文本为可读性更强的格式 beautifyHtml = BeautifulSoup(rawHtml,'html5lib').prettify() with open(destinationDirectory outputFileName, 'w', encoding='utf8') as f: f.write(beautifyHtml) if __name__ == "__main__": mth = MarkdownToHtml() # 做一个命令行参数列表的浅拷贝，不包含脚本文件名 argv = sys.argv[1:] # 目前列表 argv 可能包含源文件路径之外的元素（即选项信息） # 程序最后遍历列表 argv 进行编译 markdown 时，列表中的元素必须全部是源文件路径 outputDirectory = None if '-s' in argv: cssArgIndex = argv.index('-s') 1 cssFilePath = argv[cssArgIndex] # 检测样式表文件路径是否有效 if not os.path.isfile(cssFilePath): print('Invalid Path: ' cssFilePath) sys.exit() mth.genStyle(cssFilePath) # pop 顺序不能随意变化 argv.pop(cssArgIndex) argv.pop(cssArgIndex-1) if '-o' in argv: dirArgIndex = argv.index('-o') 1 outputDirectory = argv[dirArgIndex] # 检测输出目录是否有效 if not os.path.isdir(outputDirectory): print('Invalid Directory: ' outputDirectory) sys.exit() # pop 顺序不能随意变化 argv.pop(dirArgIndex) argv.pop(dirArgIndex-1) # 至此，列表 argv 中的元素均是源文件路径 # 遍历所有源文件路径 for filePath in argv: # 判断文件路径是否有效 if os.path.isfile(filePath): mth.markdownToHtml(filePath, outputDirectory) else: print('Invalid Path: ' filePath)8.文本文件编码检测与转换。

import sys import os import argparse from chardet.universaldetector import UniversalDetector parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = '文本文件编码检测与转换') parser.add_argument('filePaths', nargs = ' ', help = '检测或转换的文件路径') parser.add_argument('-e', '--encoding', nargs = '?', const = 'UTF-8', help = ''' 目标编码。支持的编码有： ASCII, (Default) UTF-8 (with or without a BOM), UTF-16 (with a BOM), UTF-32 (with a BOM), Big5, GB2312/GB18030, EUC-TW, HZ-GB-2312, ISO-2022-CN, EUC-JP, SHIFT_JIS, ISO-2022-JP, ISO-2022-KR, KOI8-R, MacCyrillic, IBM855, IBM866, ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-2, windows-1250, EUC-KR, ISO-8859-5, windows-1251, ISO-8859-1, windows-1252, ISO-8859-7, windows-1253, ISO-8859-8, windows-1255, TIS-620 ''') parser.add_argument('-o', '--output', help = '输出目录') # 解析参数，得到一个 Namespace 对象 args = parser.parse_args() # 输出目录不为空即视为开启转换, 若未指定转换编码，则默认为 UTF-8 if args.output != None: if not args.encoding: # 默认使用编码 UTF-8 args.encoding = 'UTF-8' # 检测用户提供的输出目录是否有效 if not os.path.isdir(args.output): print('Invalid Directory: ' args.output) sys.exit() else: if args.output[-1] != '/': args.output = '/' # 实例化一个通用检测器 detector = UniversalDetector() print() print('Encoding (Confidence)',':','File path') for filePath in args.filePaths: # 检测文件路径是否有效，无效则跳过 if not os.path.isfile(filePath): print('Invalid Path: ' filePath) continue # 重置检测器 detector.reset() # 以二进制模式读取文件 for each in open(filePath, 'rb'): # 检测器读取数据 detector.feed(each) # 若检测完成则跳出循环 if detector.done: break # 关闭检测器 detector.close() # 读取结果 charEncoding = detector.result['encoding'] confidence = detector.result['confidence'] # 打印信息 if charEncoding is None: charEncoding = 'Unknown' confidence = 0.99 print('{} {:>12} : {}'.format(charEncoding.rjust(8), '(' str(confidence*100) '%)', filePath)) if args.encoding and charEncoding != 'Unknown' and confidence > 0.6: # 若未设置输出目录则覆盖源文件 outputPath = args.output os.path.basename(filePath) if args.output else filePath with open(filePath, 'r', encoding = charEncoding, errors = 'replace') as f: temp = f.read() with open(outputPath, 'w', encoding = args.encoding, errors = 'replace') as f: f.write(temp)

最后两个脚本内容选至实验楼的课程《使用 Python3 编写系列实用脚本》，课程对这两个脚本有详细的实现过程讲解，感兴趣的同学可以直接前往实验楼进行学习！